PREFECT TENSE

Use the present perfect tense when:

~ Something happened in the past, and

~ The result of happening is still there.

Examples:

1. I have closed the door. (The result; The door is still closed)

2. Aiiu has gone to Japan. (The result; Aiiu is still in Japan)

This is different from the simple past tense:

1.I closed the door. (The result; You don’t know if the door is still closed or not)

2.Aiiu went to Japan. (The result; She is no longer in Japan)

► The Affirmative Form

Pattern : S + Auxiliary Verb (Have/Has) + past participle + . . .

Examples:

1. He has bought a car here. (He has the car)

2. I lived in Japan (I know Japan)

This tense often uses “for” and “since” especially to express the continuing events (peristiwa yg masih berlanjut).

Examples:

1. I have been here for 15 minutes.

2. I have been here since 9 o’clock.

Contractions with the present tense:

I have → I’ve

You have → You’ve

He has → He’s

She has → She’s

It has → It’s

Wima has → Wima’s

We have → We’ve

They have → They’ve

Contraction of ‘s may be confusing sometimes. It can come from the verb be (is) or the auxiliary has. But you can understand it from the context.

The key are:

→ The contraction of ‘s from the auxiliary verb has when it is followed by past participle.

→ The contraction of ‘s from the verb be (is) when it is followed by nouns, adjectives, or V-ing

Examples;

1. She’s borrowed my book. (auxiliary has)

2. She’s listening to music. (verb be)

► The Negative Form

Pattern: S = Auxiliary verb (Have/Has) + not + past participle + …

Examples:

1. Aiiu has not gone to the movie.

2. He has not finished repairing the radio.

► The Interrogative Form

Pattern: Auxiliary (Have/Has) + S + Past Participle + … + ?

Examples:

1. Has Wima finished his homework?

2. Have student done their assignments?

The present perfect tense often uses adverb “just, ever, never, and already”, especially to express the speaker’s experiences or new information. (Note: never = not ever)

Examples:

( + ) We have just lived in Japan.

( - ) Kenny has not already finished her homework.

( ? ) Has Sonny ever eaten quail eggs?