ASVERTISEMENT

Advertisement is the information persuade and maturate people so that attracted to service and things that offer.

Kinds of advertisement:

~ Family advertisement.

~ Announcement advertisement.

~ Invitation advertisement.

~ Request advertisement.

~ Article advertisement.

~ Offer advertisement.

Function of advertisement:

~ Promotion.

~ Communication.

~ Information.

We can find the advertisement on newspaper, tabloid, magazine, television, radio and billboard.

 In making an advertisement, keep the following points likes:

~ The contents of advertisement must objective and honest.

~ Short and clean.

~ Doesn’t allude other group of producer

~ Use word that polite and logical.

~ Attract attention.

Example:

For sale

Need a nice & comfortable home in area of Puncak with reasonable cost? Garden Castle, palms, lighted, drive way, 5 br, 3 ba, 2 lg kitchen, face East. Rp. 2,250 M. Pls Call (021) 7510965

PREFECT TENSE

Use the present perfect tense when:

~ Something happened in the past, and

~ The result of happening is still there.

Examples:

1. I have closed the door. (The result; The door is still closed)

2. Aiiu has gone to Japan. (The result; Aiiu is still in Japan)

This is different from the simple past tense:

1.I closed the door. (The result; You don’t know if the door is still closed or not)

2.Aiiu went to Japan. (The result; She is no longer in Japan)

► The Affirmative Form

Pattern : S + Auxiliary Verb (Have/Has) + past participle + . . .

Examples:

1. He has bought a car here. (He has the car)

2. I lived in Japan (I know Japan)

This tense often uses “for” and “since” especially to express the continuing events (peristiwa yg masih berlanjut).

Examples:

1. I have been here for 15 minutes.

2. I have been here since 9 o’clock.

Contractions with the present tense:

I have → I’ve

You have → You’ve

He has → He’s

She has → She’s

It has → It’s

Wima has → Wima’s

We have → We’ve

They have → They’ve

Contraction of ‘s may be confusing sometimes. It can come from the verb be (is) or the auxiliary has. But you can understand it from the context.

The key are:

→ The contraction of ‘s from the auxiliary verb has when it is followed by past participle.

→ The contraction of ‘s from the verb be (is) when it is followed by nouns, adjectives, or V-ing

Examples;

1. She’s borrowed my book. (auxiliary has)

2. She’s listening to music. (verb be)

► The Negative Form

Pattern: S = Auxiliary verb (Have/Has) + not + past participle + …

Examples:

1. Aiiu has not gone to the movie.

2. He has not finished repairing the radio.

► The Interrogative Form

Pattern: Auxiliary (Have/Has) + S + Past Participle + … + ?

Examples:

1. Has Wima finished his homework?

2. Have student done their assignments?

The present perfect tense often uses adverb “just, ever, never, and already”, especially to express the speaker’s experiences or new information. (Note: never = not ever)

Examples:

( + ) We have just lived in Japan.

( - ) Kenny has not already finished her homework.

( ? ) Has Sonny ever eaten quail eggs?

VOCABS : SHAPES AND PART OF BODY

Part of Body

The Body → Tubuh

1.Hair → Rambut

2.Head → Kepala

3.Neck → Leher

4.Throat → Tenggorokan

5.Shoulder → Bahu

6.Chest → Dada

7.Back → Punggung

8.Waist → Pinggung

9.Stomach/Tummy → Perut

10.Hip → Pinggul

11.Bottom → Pantat

12.Armpit → Ketiak

13.Arm → Lengan

14.Upper arm → Lengan Atas

15.Elbow → Siku

16.Forearm → Lengan Bawah

17.Wrist → Pergelangan Tangan

18.Fist → Kepalan Tangan

19.Hand → Tanagn

20.Palm → Tapak Tangan

21.Thumb → Ibu Jari

22.Finger → Jari Tangan

23.Nail → Kuku

24.Leg → Kaki

25.Thigh → Paha

26.Knee → Lutut

27.Calf → Betis

28.Ankle → Pergelangan Kaki

29.Foot → Kaki

30.Heel → Tumit

31.Instep → Kura-Kura Kaki

32.Sole → Tapak Kaki

33.Toes → Jari Kaki

The Skeleton → Rangka Manusia

1.Skull → Tengkorak

2.Collar-bone → Tulang Selangka

3.Shoulder-blade → Tulang Belikat

4.Ribs → Tulang Rusuk

5.Backbone/Spine → Tulang Belakang / Punggung

6.Breastbone → Tulang dada

7.Hip-bone/Pelvis → Tulang pinggul

8.Kneecap → Tulang Tempurung Kepala

The Face → Wajah / Muka

1.Eye → Mata

2.Noise → Hidung

3.Ear → Telinga

4.Mouth → Mulut

5.Cheek → Pipi

6.Chin → Dagu

7.Temple → Pelipis

8.Forehead/Brow → Dahi/Kenig

9.Jaw → Rahang

10.Moustache → Kumis

11.Beard → Janggut

12.Tooth → Gigi

13.Lip → Bibir

14.Tongue → Lidah

THE EYE → MATA

1.Eyeball → Bola Mata

2.Eyebrow → Alis Mata

3.Eyelid → Kelopak Mata

4.Eyelashes → Bulu Mata

5.Pupil → Manik Mata

6.Iris → Selaput Pelangi

THE INSIDES → ORGAN DALAM

1.Brain → Otak

2.Windpipe → Batang Tenggorokan

3.Heart → Jantung

4.Lung → Paru-Paru

5.Liver → Hati

6.Kidney → Ginjal

7.Intestines → Usus

8.Bladder → Kandung Kemis

9.Vein → Pembuluh Balik

10.Artery → Pembuluh Nadi

11.Muscle → Otot

SHAPES

*) Simple Straight Sided Shapes

Example : Rectangle (Persegi Panjang), Square (Persegi), Triangle (Segitiga).

*) Simple Rounded Shapes

Example : Circle (Lingkaran), Oval (Oval/Lonjong).

*) Types of Triangle

Example : Equilateral Triangle (Segitiga Sama Kaki), Isosceles Triangle (Segitiga Sama Sisi), Rightangled Triangle (Segitiga Siku-Siku).

*) 3D Shapes

Example : Cone (Kerucut), Cube (Kubus), Cylinder (Tabung), Pyramid (Limas), Rectangular (Balok), Prism (Prisma), Sphere (Bola).

*) Mathematical Shapes

Example ; Parallelogram (Jajargenjang), Pentagon-5 sides (Segi 5), Hexagon-6 sides(Segi 6), Octagen-8 sides (Segi 8).

*) Miscellaneous Shapes

Example ; Coffin, Diamond (Belah Ketupat), Heart (Hati), Kite (Layang-layang), Petal, Shell (Kerang/Tiram), Star (Bintang), Teardrop.

GREETINGS

Greetings is a way for human beings to intentionally communicate awareness of each other’s presence, to show attention to, and/or to affirm or suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.
As many forms of communication, greetings habits are highly culture and situation. Specific and many changes within a culture dispending on social status and relationship : the [phenomenon] as such exists in all known human cultures though.
Greetings can be expressed both avdibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other then gestures.
Example:
How do you greet other people?
~ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening / Night / nite.
~ Hi / Hello, Aiiu!
~ How everything with you?
~ How are you / How life / How are you getting along?
~ Fine thanks!
~ Pretty goods thanks!
~ I’m well, thanks.
~ Not bad, thanks. And you?
How do introduce yourself?
~ Let me introduce myself. My name is Ayu Maulida.
~ Hello, my name is Ayou!
~ Hi, I’m Aiiu!
How do you introduce other people?
~ I would like to introduce KiQy!
~ I would like you to meet agree.
~ Excuse me, let me introduce my new friend. Her name is KiQy.

PRESENT TENSE

The simple present tense is used to express habits, general truth instructions or direction, fixed arrangement, etc.

~ Verbal Sentences.

            (+) S + V₁ (-s/-es) + Object.

            (-)  S + do/does + not + V₁ +  Object.

            (?) Do/does + S + V₁ + Object + ?

~ Non Verbal Sentences.

            (+) S  +  to be  +  noun / adjective / adverb.

            (-)  S  +  to be + not + noun / adjective / adverb.

            (?) To be  + S + noun / adjective / adverb + ?

Adverb of time:

Always            Every

Never              Often

Seldom            Usually

Sometime        Once / Twice   etc

Examples:

(+) You are a teacher.

(-)  You are not a teacher.

(?) Are you a teacher?

PAST TENSE

We use simple past tense to talk about  an action that happened in the past. We also use it to tell a story.

The time of signals that indicate such happenings are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago, . . . ago (long, long time ago), and last . . .(last Monday, last week, etc).

Pattern:

~ Using be      : S + was/were + V₁ + Complement

~ Using verbs : S + V_past + Complement

The function of the simple past tense:

1.   To express that an action started and finished at the specific time in the past.

2.   To describe a habit which stopped in the past. To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as : always, often, usually, never, when, etc.

3.   To describe past fact6 or generalizations which are no longer true. Example: Grandpa didn’t like coffee before.

Kind of Past Tense:

~ Past Progressive Tense / Past Continous Tense.

~ Past Perfect Tense.

~ Past Perfect Progressive Tense.

Example of Simple Past Tense:

(+) The diligent boy studied last night.

(-) The diligent boy did not study last night.

(?) Did the diligent boy study last night.

PROCEDURE TEXT

Procedure text is a piece of text that gives us instruction for doing something.

The purpose of procedure text type is to explain how something can be done.

 The Characteristic of Procedure Text:

v  Using the simple present tense. Usually in imperative sentences.

v  Using relative pronoun temporal, likes first, second, then, next, finally

v  Using action verb, likes turn on, stir, and cook.

The Structure of Procedure Text:

Ø  An introductory statement that gives the aim or goal.

Ø  A list of materials that will be needed for completing the procedure.

Ø  A sequence of steps in the order they need to be done.

The language features usually found in a procedure text:

a)      The use of technical language.

b)      Sentences that begin with verbs and are stated as commands.

c)      The use of time words or numbers that tell the order for doing the procedure.

d)     The use of adverbs to tell how the action should be done.

NARRATIVE TEXT

A narrative text is a piece of writing that tells in from of fairy, tale, legend, fable, science, fiction, and myths.

Function:

a.       To entertain the readers.

b.      To teach or inform.

c.       To change social opinion.

GENERIC STRUCTURE

A narrative text can have as many paragraphs as the writers want. However, it mainly consists of three parts: Orientation, Sequence of Events / Complications, and Resolution.

-          ORIENTATION

This part presents the settings of the story and introduce the characters involved.

-          COMPLICATION

The story continues here. Usually, there is an event or a sequence of events that lead the characters into the a complication (some form of conflict that disrupts the normal event).

Tension stars to buildup to a climax, and this draw anticipation in the readers.

-          RESOLUTION

The problem stars to get resolved. Sometimes the story ends happily or vice versa, and at other times the resolution (the ending of the story) is left for the readers to decide.

Features:

·         Characters with define personalities / identities

·         Dialogue often include-tense may change to the present or the future.

·         Descriptive language to create images in the reader’s mind and enhance the story.

  Temporal Conjuction of Narrative Text:

o     Once upon a time

o     A long time ago

o     One day

  Examples of Narrative Text:

ü    Short stories

ü    Folklore

ü    Legend

RECOUN TEXT

Recount text is a text that is used to retell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.

Social Function : To retell past event for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

GENERIC STRUCTURE 

v  ORIENTATION

It’s about who was involved, what happened, where this event took place and when it happened.

v  EVENT (S)

It’s about what happened in chronological order.

v  RE-ORIENTATION

The conclusion of the experience.

  SIGNIFICANT GRAMMAR FEATURES

ü    Focuses on individual participants.

ü    Use of material process.

ü    Circumstances of theme and places.

ü    Use of the past tense.

  LANGUAGE FEATURES

Ø  Use of past tenses

(Ex: went, spent, played)

Ø  Use of time conjunctions

(Ex: and, but, after, then)

Ø  Use of adverbs of time in the past

(Ex: yesterday, last week, two days ago)

Ø  Use of personal pronoun

(Ex: I, we)

ANNOUNCEMENTS

 Annoucement is something said, written or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what

will happen.

In writing an annoucement, keep the following points :

    < Title/Type of event>

    < Date/Time,place>

    <contact person>

EXAMPLE :

School Trip to Depok Beach

                                  On 30th of january, our school will hold a school trip to Depok Beach

                             Time                 : at 07:30 am

                             Programs          : Volly ball, lunch near the beach, and playing water games

                             Free                 : Rp 45.000,00

                             Contact Person : Bunga and Matthew X3

                                                                                                                     Thanks

              

                                                                                                          Taeche